Lifetime Value (LTV)

The total gross profit you expect from a customer across their whole relationship with you — a projection, not a measurement.

Why does Lifetime Value (LTV) matter?

LTV justifies what you can afford to spend acquiring customers, which makes it the most consequential number early-stage founders invent. It is built on an assumed lifetime, and a young company has no lifetime data by definition — every early LTV is a forecast wearing the costume of a fact. Treated honestly it is useful for comparing segments. Treated as measured, it authorizes acquisition spending the business cannot actually support.

What does Lifetime Value (LTV) look like in practice?

At $160 a month in gross profit and 5% monthly churn, the implied lifetime is about twenty months and LTV lands near $3,200. Change churn to 8% and it falls to roughly $2,000 — the same business, a different conclusion about what you can spend. Which is why the honest presentation states the churn assumption rather than only the answer, and why LTV:CAC ratios quoted without that assumption should be read sceptically.

What are the common mistakes with Lifetime Value (LTV)?

  • Using revenue rather than gross profit.
  • Assuming a lifetime longer than the company has existed.
  • Quoting an LTV:CAC ratio without stating the churn assumption underneath it.
  • Leaning on LTV when payback period is the metric that actually constrains growth early.

Related concepts

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